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RFC1567
Obsoleted by: 2605 PROPOSED STANDARD
Network Working Group G. Mansfield
Request for Comments: 1567 AIC Systems Laboratory
Category: Standards Track S. Kille
ISODE Consortium
January 1994
X.500 Directory Monitoring MIB
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This document defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB). It defines the MIB for monitoring Directory System Agents (DSA), a component of the OSI Directory. This MIB will be used in conjunction with the APPLICATION-MIB for monitoring DSAs.
Table of Contents
1. The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework ....................... 1
2. MIB Model for DSA Management ................................. 2
3. The DSA functions and operations .............................. 2
4. MIB design .................................................... 3
5. The Directory Monitoring MIB .................................. 3
6. Acknowledgements ..............................................17
7. References ....................................................17
Security Considerations ...........................................18 Authors' Addresses ................................................18
1. The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework
The major components of the SNMPv2 Network Management framework are described in the documents listed below.
o RFC 1442 [1] defines the Structure of Management Information (SMI), the mechanisms used for describing and naming objects for the purpose of management.
o STD 17, RFC 1213 [2] defines MIB-II, the core set of managed objects (MO) for the Internet suite of protocols.
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o RFC 1445 [3] defines the administrative and other architectural aspects of the management framework.
o RFC 1448 [4] defines the protocol used for network access to managed objects.
The framework is adaptable/extensible by defining new MIBs to suit the requirements of specific applications/protocols/situations.
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, the MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) defined in the SMI. In particular, each object type is named by an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, which is an administratively assigned name. The object type together with an object instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the object. For human convenience, often a textual string, termed the descriptor, is used to refer to the object type.
2. MIB Model for DSA Management
A DSA-manager may wish to monitor several aspects of the operational DSA. He/she may want to know the process related aspects-the resource utilization of the operational DSA; the network service related aspects e.g., inbound-associations, outbound-associations, operational status, and finally the information specific to the DSA application - its operations and performance.
The MIB defined in this document covers the portion which is specific to the DSA-application. The network service related part of the MIB, and the host-resources related part of the MIB, as well other parts of interest to a Manager monitoring the DSA-application, are covered in separate documents [6] [7].
3. The DSA functions and operations
The Directory System Agent [DSA], a component of the OSI-Directory [5] [9], is an application process. It provides access to the Directory Information Base [DIB] to Directory User Agents [DUA] and/or other DSAs. Functionally , a User [DUA] and the Directory are bound together for a period of time at an access point to the Directory [DSA]. A DSA may use information stored in its local database or interact with (chain the request to) other DSAs to service requirements. Alternatively, a DSA may return a reference to another DSA.
The local database of a DSA consists of the part of the DIT that is mastered by the DSA, the part of the DIT for which it keeps slave copies and cached information that is gathered during the operation of the DSA.
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The specific operations carried out by the DSA are: Read, Compare, AddEntry, ModifyEntry, ModifyRDN, RemoveEntry, List, Search. There is also the special operation Abandon. In response to requests results and/or errors are returned by the DSA.
4. MIB design
The basic principle has been to keep the MIB as simple as possible. The Managed objects included in the MIB are divided into three tables - dsaOpsTable, dsaEntryTable and dsaIntTable.
- The dsaOpsTable provides summary statistics on the accesses, operations and errors.
- The dsaEntriesTable provides summary statistics on the entries held by the DSA and on cache performance.
- The dsaIntTable provides some useful information on the interaction of the monitored DSA with peer DSAs.
There are references to the Directory itself for static information pertaining to the DSA. These references are in the form of "Directory Distinguished Name" [8] of the corresponding object. It is intended that DSA management applications will use these references to obtain further related information on the objects of interest.
5. The Directory Monitoring MIB
DSA-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, NOTIFICATION-TYPE
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
DisplayString, TimeStamp, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
FROM SNMPv2-TC
mib-2
FROM RFC1213-MIB
applIndex, DistinguishedName
FROM APPLICATION-MIB;
dsaMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9311250000Z" ORGANIZATION "IETF Mail and Directory Management Working
Group"
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CONTACT-INFO
" Glenn Mansfield
Postal: AIC Systems Laboratory
6-6-3, Minami Yoshinari Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-32 JP
Tel: +81 22 279 3310 Fax: +81 22 279 3640 E-Mail: glenn@aic.co.jp"
DESCRIPTION
" The MIB module for monitoring Directory System Agents."
::= { mib-2 29 }
dsaOpsTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DsaOpsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The table holding information related to the
DSA operations."
::= {dsaMIB 1}
dsaOpsEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DsaOpsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Entry containing operations related statistics
for a DSA."
INDEX { applIndex } ::= {dsaOpsTable 1}
DsaOpsEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
-- Bindings
dsaAnonymousBinds
Counter32,
dsaUnauthBinds
Counter32,
dsaSimpleAuthBinds
Counter32,
dsaStrongAuthBinds
Counter32,
dsaBindSecurityErrors
Counter32,
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-- In-coming operations
dsaInOps
Counter32,
dsaReadOps
Counter32,
dsaCompareOps
Counter32,
dsaAddEntryOps
Counter32,
dsaRemoveEntryOps
Counter32,
dsaModifyEntryOps
Counter32,
dsaModifyRDNOps
Counter32,
dsaListOps
Counter32,
dsaSearchOps
Counter32,
dsaOneLevelSearchOps
Counter32,
dsaWholeTreeSearchOps
Counter32,
-- Out going operations
dsaReferrals
Counter32,
dsaChainings
Counter32,
-- Errors
dsaSecurityErrors
Counter32,
dsaErrors
Counter32
}
dsaAnonymousBinds OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of anonymous binds to this DSA from DUAs
since application start."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 1}
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dsaUnauthBinds OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of un-authenticated binds to this
DSA since application start."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 2}
dsaSimpleAuthBinds OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of binds to this DSA that were authenticated
using simple authentication procedures since application start."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 8.1.2.1.1."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 3}
dsaStrongAuthBinds OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of binds to this DSA that were authenticated
using the strong authentication procedures since application start. This includes the binds that were authenticated using external authentication procedures."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Sections 8.1.2.1.2 & 8.1.2.1.3."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 4}
dsaBindSecurityErrors OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of bind operations that have been rejected
by this DSA due to inappropriateAuthentication or invalidCredentials."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 12.7.2"
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::= {dsaOpsEntry 5}
dsaInOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations forwarded to this DSA
from DUAs or other DSAs since application start up."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 6}
dsaReadOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of read operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 9.1."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 7}
dsaCompareOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of compare operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 9.2."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 8}
dsaAddEntryOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of addEntry operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 11.1."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 9}
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dsaRemoveEntryOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of removeEntry operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 11.2."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 10}
dsaModifyEntryOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of modifyEntry operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 11.3."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 11}
dsaModifyRDNOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of modifyRDN operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 11.4."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 12}
dsaListOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of list operations serviced by
this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 10.1."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 13}
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dsaSearchOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of search operations- baseObjectSearches,
oneLevelSearches and subTreeSearches, serviced by this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 10.2."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 14}
dsaOneLevelSearchOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of oneLevelSearch operations serviced
by this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 10.2.2.2."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 15}
dsaWholeTreeSearchOps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of wholeTreeSearch operations serviced
by this DSA since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 10.2.2.2."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 16}
dsaReferrals OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of referrals returned by this DSA in response
to requests for operations since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 12.6."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 17}
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dsaChainings OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations forwarded by this DSA
to other DSAs since application startup."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.518, 1988:
Section 14."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 18}
dsaSecurityErrors OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations forwarded to this DSA
which did not meet the security requirements. "
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Section 12.7."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 19}
dsaErrors OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations that could not be serviced
due to errors other than security errors, and referrals. A partially serviced operation will not be counted as an error. The errors include NameErrors, UpdateErrors, Attribute errors and ServiceErrors."
REFERENCE
" CCITT Blue Book Fascicle VIII.8 - Rec. X.511, 1988:
Sections 12.4, 12.5, 12.8 & 12.9."
::= {dsaOpsEntry 20}
-- Entry statistics/Cache performance
dsaEntriesTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DsaEntriesEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The table holding information related to the
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entry statistics and cache performance of the DSAs."
::= {dsaMIB 2}
dsaEntriesEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DsaEntriesEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Entry containing statistics pertaining to entries
held by a DSA."
INDEX { applIndex } ::= {dsaEntriesTable 1}
DsaEntriesEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
dsaMasterEntries
Gauge32,
dsaCopyEntries
Gauge32,
dsaCacheEntries
Gauge32,
dsaCacheHits
Counter32,
dsaSlaveHits
Counter32
}
dsaMasterEntries OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Gauge32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of entries mastered in the DSA."
::= {dsaEntriesEntry 1}
dsaCopyEntries OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of entries for which systematic (slave)
copies are maintained in the DSA."
::= {dsaEntriesEntry 2}
dsaCacheEntries OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
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" Number of entries cached (non-systematic copies) in
the DSA. This will include the entries that are cached partially. The negative cache is not counted."
::= {dsaEntriesEntry 3}
dsaCacheHits OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations that were serviced from
the locally held cache since application startup."
::= {dsaEntriesEntry 4}
dsaSlaveHits OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Number of operations that were serviced from
the locally held object replications [ shadow entries] since application startup."
::= {dsaEntriesEntry 5}
-- The dsaIntTable contains statistical data on the peer DSAs -- with which the monitored DSAs [attempt to] interact. This -- table will provide a useful insight into the effect of -- neighbours on the DSA performance. -- The table keeps track of the last "N" DSAs with which the -- monitored DSAs has interacted [attempted to interact], -- where "N" is a locally-defined constant.
dsaIntTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DsaIntEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Each row of this table contains some details
related to the history of the interaction of the monitored DSAs with their respective peer DSAs."
::= { dsaMIB 3 }
dsaIntEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DsaIntEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
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" Entry containing interaction details of a DSA
with a peer DSA."
INDEX { applIndex,dsaIntIndex } ::= { dsaIntTable 1 }
DsaIntEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
dsaIntIndex
INTEGER,
dsaName
DistinguishedName,
dsaTimeOfCreation
TimeStamp,
dsaTimeOfLastAttempt
TimeStamp,
dsaTimeOfLastSuccess
TimeStamp,
dsaFailuresSinceLastSuccess
Counter32,
dsaFailures
Counter32,
dsaSuccesses
Counter32
}
dsaIntIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Together with applIndex it forms the unique key to
identify the conceptual row which contains useful info on the (attempted) interaction between the DSA (referred to by applIndex) and a peer DSA."
::= {dsaIntEntry 1}
dsaName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DistinguishedName MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Distinguished Name of the peer DSA to which this
entry pertains."
::= {dsaIntEntry 2}
dsaTimeOfCreation OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
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" The value of sysUpTime when this row was created.
If the entry was created before the network management subsystem was initialized, this object will contain a value of zero."
::= {dsaIntEntry 3}
dsaTimeOfLastAttempt OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The value of sysUpTime when the last attempt was made
to contact this DSA. If the last attempt was made before the network management subsystem was initialized, this object will contain a value of zero."
::= {dsaIntEntry 4}
dsaTimeOfLastSuccess OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The value of sysUpTime when the last attempt made to
contact this DSA was successful. If there have been no successful attempts this entry will have a value of zero. If the last successful attempt was made before the network management subsystem was initialized, this object will contain a value of zero."
::= {dsaIntEntry 5}
dsaFailuresSinceLastSuccess OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The number of failures since the last time an
attempt to contact this DSA was successful. If there has been no successful attempts, this counter will contain the number of failures since this entry was created."
::= {dsaIntEntry 6}
dsaFailures OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
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" Cumulative failures since the creation of
this entry."
::= {dsaIntEntry 7}
dsaSuccesses OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" Cumulative successes since the creation of
this entry."
::= {dsaIntEntry 8}
-- Conformance information
dsaConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dsaMIB 4 }
dsaGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dsaConformance 1 } dsaCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dsaConformance 2 }
-- Compliance statements
dsaOpsCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the DSA-MIB for monitoring DSA operations."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { dsaOpsGroup }
::= { dsaCompliances 1 }
dsaEntryCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the DSA-MIB for monitoring DSA operations, entry statistics and cache performance."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { dsaOpsGroup,dsaEntryGroup }
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::= { dsaCompliances 2 }
dsaIntCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities
which implement the DSA-MIB for monitoring DSA operations and the interaction of the DSA with peer DSAs."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { dsaOpsGroup, dsaIntGroup }
::= { dsaCompliances 3 }
-- Units of conformance
dsaOpsGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
dsaAnonymousBinds, dsaUnauthBinds, dsaSimpleAuthBinds, dsaStrongAuthBinds, dsaBindSecurityErrors,dsaInOps, dsaReadOps, dsaCompareOps, dsaAddEntryOps, dsaRemoveEntryOps, dsaModifyEntryOps, dsaModifyRDNOps, dsaListOps, dsaSearchOps, dsaOneLevelSearchOps, dsaWholeTreeSearchOps,dsaReferrals, dsaChainings, dsaSecurityErrors, dsaErrors} STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" A collection of objects for monitoring the DSA
operations."
::= { dsaGroups 1 }
dsaEntryGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {dsaMasterEntries, dsaCopyEntries, dsaCacheEntries,
dsaCacheHits, dsaSlaveHits}
STATUS current DESCRIPTION
" A collection of objects for monitoring the DSA
entry statistics and cache performance."
::= { dsaGroups 2 }
dsaIntGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
dsaName, dsaTimeOfCreation, dsaTimeOfLastAttempt, dsaTimeOfLastSuccess,dsaFailuresSinceLastSuccess,dsaFailures, dsaSuccesses} STATUS current DESCRIPTION
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" A collection of objects for monitoring the DSA's
interaction with peer DSAs."
::= { dsaGroups 3 }
END
6. Acknowledgements
This draft is the product of discussions and deliberations carried out in the following working groups:
ietf-madman-wg ietf-madman@innosoft.com wide-isode-wg isode-wg@wide.ad.jp wide-netman-wg netman-wg@wide.ad.jp
7. References
[1] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Structure
of Management Information for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1442, SNMP Research,Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
[2] McCloghrie, K., and M. Rose, Editors, "Management Information
Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II", STD 17, RFC 1213, Hughes LAN Systems, Performance Systems International, March 1991.
[3] Galvin, J., and K. McCloghrie, "Administrative Model for version
2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1445, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes LAN Systems, April 1993.
[4] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S, Waldbusser, "Protocol
Operations for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1448, SNMP Research,Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
[5] CCITT Blue Book, "Data Communication Networks: Directory",
Recommendations X.500-X.521, December 1988.
[6] Kille, S., WG Chair, and N. Freed, Editor, "The Network Services
Monitoring MIB", RFC 1565, ISODE Consortium, Innosoft, January 1994.
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[7] Grillo, P., and S. Waldbusser, "Host Resources MIB", RFC 1514,
Network Innovations, Intel Corporation, Carnegie Mellon University, September 1993.
[8] Kille, S., "A String Representation of Distinguished Names (OSI-
DS 23 (v5))", RFC 1485, ISODE Consortium, July 1993.
[9] Kille, S., Huizer, E., Cerf, V., Hobby, R., and S. Kent, "A
Strategic Plan for Deploying an Internet X.500 Directory Service", RFC 1430, ISODE Consortium, SURFnet bv, Corporation for National Research Initiatives, University of California, Davis, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, February 1993.
Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
Authors' Addresses
Glenn Mansfield AIC Systems Laboratories 6-6-3 Minami Yoshinari Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-32 Japan
Phone: +81-22-279-3310 EMail: glenn@aic.co.jp
Steve E. Kille ISODE Consortium The Dome, The Square Richmond TW9 1DT UK
Phone: +44-81-332-9091 EMail: S.Kille@isode.com
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